Psychoanalytic Counseling

Drive/instinct theory

Freud developed the instinct drive theory out of his extensive research and knowledge of anthropology, neurology, zoology, philosophy, and most importantly, self-analysis, as well as extensive patient casework.

Object relations/relational theory

You could say that Melanie Klein was potentially more Freudian than even Anna Freud, Sigmund Freud's daughter, who made extensive contributions to the work of child analysis. Klein's theories are based on early relational object identifications. 

Personal/collective theory

Jung developed analytical psychology out of his early training in psychoanalysis and vast knowledge in working with diverse patient cases. His break with Freud led to its further development. Jungian is the most culturally diverse and spiritual/mystical of the analytical models.

Mirror/symbolic/real theory

A largely controversial figure and often spoken about by contemporary philosopher, Slavoj Žižek, Lacan devised three main  stages as the basis for his psychoanalytic theories. Expelled from the psychoanalytic society, he would join the ranks of Carl Jung and Otto Rank in areas of association.